PARTS OF NEWS PAPER

 FRONT PAGE

Contains the latest news both local and international.  It is the first page of a newspaper or other publication lacking a front cover, typically the place where the most important content is placed, hence the metaphorical connotations of the term.

EDITORIAL PAGE

Contains what the editor thinks about the important issues.

(also known as the opinion page) is the page reserved in a newspaper or magazine for the publication's editorial. Frequently letters to the editor, the masthead, and editorial cartoons are also printed here or continued on to the Op-ed page.

CLASSIFIED ADS

Contains job available and for sale equipment, cars and other.  A newspaper advertisement stating what is wanted

SPORTS PAGE

Contains the result of the sports event.  The section of a newspaper that reports on sports

  

OBITUARY

It is about notice of dead people.  A published notice of a death, sometimes with a brief biography of the deceased.

LIFESTYLE

It is about special features of the famous people very of living.

ENTERTAINMENT

Contains special features or art, music, theater, show business etc.

BUSINESS PAGE

Contains important business news.

SOCIETY PAGE

Contains social event that have just taken to place or will take place.

is the reporting of society news in a newspaper or magazine. In the newsroom it is the province of the society desk.

BIRTHSTONES

JANUARY BIRTHSTONE

The birthstone for this month is the GARNET, which was once thought to be connected with the blood. This stone is supposed to protect the wearer from nightmares and offer guidance through the dark.

Garnets are long lasting and durable gems, with a fiery, ravishing beauty. This is type of gem that the wearer will treasure forever, no matter what item of jewellery it is set into. Garnets are traditionally thought of as deep red, but actually come in a wide range of colours, so there is something to suit every taste for this month.

FEBRUARY BIRTHSTONE

The birthstone for this month is the AMETHYST, and the folklore attached to this gem associates it with sobriety, tranquillity, protection and peace. This birthstone as also been linked to improving the skin and preventing baldness, as well as protection from deceit, so it has a lot to live up to!

The amethyst birthstone comes in varying shades of purple, and can be a pale lilac in colour. On the other end of the scale, you can also get deep violet amethysts, which means that you can enjoy a birthstone that is as subtle or as rich as you like. This birthstone is very hardwearing, and its strength and durability will ensure that it lasts for a very long time.

MARCH BIRTHSTONE

This month's birthstone is AQUAMARINE, which has been linked to the making of new friends as well as affection and love, hope and health. This stone was once also thought to protect those at sea.

As the name of this birthstone suggests, it is a green-blue in colour and has a rich, sparkling look. You can get aquamarine birthstones in a variety of shapes and sizes, and you can also get this stone in varying shades of green-blue.

APRIL BIRTHSTONE

One of the most popular gems throughout history, DIAMONDS are the birthstone for this month, and these stones are linked to love, eternity and strength. This has contributed towards diamonds being the most popular gems of all time when it comes to romance, such as engagement rings and wedding bands.

Diamonds are very strong and hardwearing, making them the perfect birthstone to wear on a daily basis. You can enjoy many different cuts of this stone, and the fiery, glamorous sparkle given off by diamonds is positively captivating.

MAY BIRTHSTONE

This month's birthstone is the beautiful EMERALD, once linked to health and the curing of ailments, as well as being associated with the ability to see in to the future, giving them an almost bewitching, magical reputation.

These fiery green gems are amazing to look at, and can be found in a variety of shapes and cuts. The beauty and richness of this stone makes it the perfect gem for birthstone jewellery, and is something that the wearer can show off and take pride in for a long time.

JUNE BIRTHSTONE

The elegant PEARL is the birthstone for the month of June, and this gem has been linked with chastity and modesty, making it something of an angelic, pure birthstone. They are also linked to successful and happy marriages.

These round, stunning birthstones come in a variety of colours, and a range of sizes. Pearls can look spectacular yet modest in all manner of jewellery from birthstone rings, to earrings and necklaces, making them a perfect gift.

JULY BIRTHSTONE

The birthstone for this month is the ravishing RUBY, a stone traditionally linked with protection and harmony. This birthstone has been mined since ancient times, and boasts a spectacular beauty.

Deep red in colour, rubies are stunning birthstones that will liven up and enhance any piece of jewellery. These gems have a unique, vivid and fiery appearance that would delight anyone.

AUGUST BIRTHSTONE

The birthstone for the month of August is PERIDOT, which was commonly linked with protection against evil and night terrors, as well as a gem that enhanced the properties of healing drugs.

Lime green in colour, this birthstone is a by-product of volcanic action, and comes in all sorts of shapes and sizes. This birthstone gives off its own unique energy, and is strong and durable.

SEPTEMBER BIRTHSTONE

Sumptuous SAPPHIRE is the birthstone associated with September, and this gem has been linked with faith and purity, as well as foresight. It was thought that the stronger the sparkle of the gem, the more faithful and honest the wearer.

These birthstones look stunning in all types of jewellery, especially in white gold and platinum metal. However, sapphires can come in other colours as well as blue. These are strong and durable gems that will last for years to come, and can be passed down to future generations.

OCTOBER BIRTHSTONE

The birthstone of October is the OPAL, a stone that has been linked to purity, hope and innocence. This gem has also been linked to healing forces, friendship and emotion, so it has experienced its fair share of folklore over the years.

This type of birthstone comes in white or black, and both variations have remnants of other colours within them. Opals have a unique look and beauty, making them a very interesting birthstone with a strangely exquisite appearance.

NOVEMBER BIRTHSTONE

The birthstone for this month is TOPAZ, once linked with sanity, healing, and life, as well as being connected to strength by the ancient Greeks. This stone has even been linked to an ability to make the wearer invisible in dangerous situations.

This birthstone comes in a range of colours, all of which will enhance any jewel with a fiery sparkle. Colours include golden, blue, pale green, pink and red, as well as some other rare colours. A stunning gem, topaz boasts both beauty and strength.

DECEMBER BIRTHSTONE

The given birthstone for December is TURQUOISE, and this precious stone was once linked to happiness, fortune and luck, making it a very popular gem in centuries gone by.

Turquoise can range in colour from mid-blue to a green-blue or light green colour, and this birthstone is unusual and beautiful, making it a very distinctive and unusual addition to any jewellery collection.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL

Soil is the thin layer on the surface of the Earth on which the living beings of the earth survive since it is the layer of materials in which plants have their roots. Soil is made up of many things like weathered rock particles and decayed plant and animal matter. It takes a long time for soil formation and more than thousand years for the formation of a thin layer of soil. Since soil is made up of such diverse materials like broken down rock particles and organic material, it can be classified into various types, though based on the size of the particles it contains. 

Soil Types

Therefore depending on the size of the particles in the soil, it can be classified into these following types:

• Sandy soil
• Silty soil
• Clay soil
• Loamy Soil
• Peaty Soil
• Chalky Soil 

SANDY SOIL- This type has the biggest particles and the size of the particles does determine the degree of aeration and drainage that the soil allows. It is granular and consists of rock and mineral particles that are very small. Therefore the texture is gritty and sandy soil is formed by the disintegration and weathering of rocks such as limestone, granite, quartz and shale. Sandy soil is easier to cultivate if it is rich in organic material but then it allows drainage more than is needed, thus resulting in over-drainage and dehydration of the plants in summer. It warms very fast in the spring season. So if you want to grow your plant in sandy soil it is imperative that you water it regularly in the summers and give a break in the winters and rainy season, sandy soil retains moisture and nutrients. In a way sandy soil is good for plants since it lets the water go off so that it does not remain near the roots and lead them to decay. 

SILTY SOIL-Silty soil is considered to be one of the most fertile of soils. It can occur in nature as soil or as suspended sediment in water column of a water body on the surface of the earth. It is composed of minerals like Quartz and fine organic particles. It is granular like sandy soil but it has more nutrients than sandy soil and it also offers better drainage. In case silty soil is dry it has a smoother texture and looks like dark sand. This type of soil can hold more moisture and at times becomes compact. It offers better drainage and is much easier to work with when it has moisture.

CLAY SOIL-Clay is a kind of material that occurs naturally and consists of very fine grained material with very less air spaces, that is the reason it is difficult to work with since the drainage in this soil is low, most of the time there is a chance of water logging and harm to the roots of the plant. Clay soil becomes very heavy when wet and if cultivation has to be done, organic fertilizers have to be added. Clay soil is formed after years of rock disintegration and weathering. It is also formed as sedimentary deposits after the rock is weathered, eroded and transported.

LOAMY SOIL- This soil consists of sand, silt and clay to some extent. It is considered to be the perfect soil. The texture is gritty and retains water very easily, yet the drainage is well. There are various kinds of loamy soil ranging from fertile to very muddy and thick sod. Yet out of all the different kinds of soil loamy soil is the ideal for cultivation.

 

PEATY SOIL- This kind of soil is basically formed by the accumulation of dead and decayed organic matter, it naturally contains much more organic matter than most of the soils. It is generally found in marshy areas. Now the decomposition of the organic matter in Peaty soil is blocked by the acidity of the soil. This kind of soil is formed in wet climate. Though the soil is rich in organic matter, nutrients present are fewer in this soil type than any other type. Peaty soil is prone to water logging but if the soil is fertilized well and the drainage of the soil is looked after, it can be the ideal for growing plants.

CHALKY SOIL-Unlike Peaty soil, Chalky soil is very alkaline in nature and consists of a large number of stones. The fertility of this kind of soil depends on the depth of the soil that is on the bed of chalk. This kind of soil is prone to dryness and in summers it is a poor choice for plantation, as the plants would need much more watering and fertilizing than on any other type of soil. Chalky Soil, apart from being dry also blocks the nutritional elements for the plants like Iron and Magnesium.

Besides this kind of classification soil can also be classified as Acidic and Alkaline soil depending on the amount of humus, organic matter and the underlying bedrock. Every soil has its own advantages and disadvantages and there are various plants that have different requirements. All plants do not need the same kind of soil.

                                                                                               

FAMOUS SCIENTIST AND THIER CONTRIBUTIONS

Robert Brown                   

He discovered that the center part of the cell is called nucleus.

Aristotle                              

Father of biology, he study different plants and animals.

Anton Van Leeuwenhock

He improved the light of microscope.

Carolous Von Linneaus   

Father of taxonomy, he classified different plants and animals.

Robert Hooke                     

He discovered that cork have cells.

Gregor Mendel                  

Father of Genetics, he study about heredity.

Charles Darwin (1809-1882). 

English naturalist.  Created the science of evolutionary biology. His book, On the Origin of Species, convinced many of the reality of evolution. Remembered for the theory of natural selection, the credit for which he had to share with Alfred Wallace, who formulated it independently.

Louis Agassiz (1807-1873). 

Swiss-born American zoologist, geologist, and paleontologist, with a special expertise in ichthyology. Founder and director of Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology, he was one of the most famous scientists of his day.

Carolus Linnaeus (23 May 1707 — 10 January 1778). 

Swedish botanist, zoologist, and taxonomist. Established conventions for naming living organisms still in general scientific use today — in particular, he popularized binomial nomenclature, which had first been by developed by the Bauhin brothers (Gaspard and Johann Bauhin) more than a century before. He was the first to use binomial names consistently. As a young man Linnaeus was a creationist, but he later developed an evolutionary theory of his own.

Gregor Mendel (1822-1884). 

Austrian scientist/monk. Showed inheritance of traits follows particular rules, now known as Mendel's Laws. In an fascinating, original article, guest author David Allen, discusses Mendel's hybridization research, and how it has been misrepresented at times by both sides of the modern debate between Darwinians and creationists.

Hamilton O. Smith (1931-). 

American microbiologist. Shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Werner Arber and Daniel Nathans for the discovery of restriction endonucleases, which led to the development of recombinant DNA technology.

William Smith (1769-1839). 

English geologist and surveyor. The man who did for English geology what his more fortunate contemporary Georges Cuvier did for the geology of France. Smith was the first Englishman to realize and to document that certain characteristic fossils are associated with particular geological strata, and that strata overlay each other in the same order in different geographic locations. His work, together with that of Cuvier, can be viewed as the first foundation of the modern science of stratigraphy. Their work did much to document a temporal succession of fossil fauna and flora that evolutionary theorists would later try to explain. Although Smith made his discoveries at the same time as did Cuvier, he lacked an upper-crust education and Cuvier's imposing professional standing. These two factors caused a long delay in Smith's receiving the recognition he deserved.

Angel Alcala

Angel Alcala is behind the invention of artifical coral reefs used for fisheries in Southeast Asia.

Arturo Alcaraz

Arturo Alcaraz is a volcanologist specializing in geothermal energy development.

Benjamin Almeda

Benjamin Almeda designed a food-processing machine.

Julian Banzon

Julian Banzon researched methods of producing alternative fuels.

Ramon Barba

Ramon Barba invented practical flower induction treatments.

Benjamin Cabrera

Doctor Benjamin Cabrera has developed innovations in drug treatments against diseases caused by mosquitoes and agricultural soil.

Paulo Campos

Paulo Campos built the first radioisotope laboratory in the Philippines.

Magdalena Cantoria

Magdalena Cantoria is a noted Filipino botanist.

Josefino Comiso - Filipino Physicist

Filipino Physicist Josefino Comiso has been warning the world about global warming.

Lourdes Cruz

Doctor Lourdes Cruz has made scientific contributions to the biochemistry field of conotoxins.

Rolando De La Cruz - Filipino Scientist

Filipino scientist Rolando De La Cruz invented an anti cancer skin cream.

Emerita De Guzman

Filipino scientist Emerita De Guzman researched the propagation of pure makapuno trees.

Fe Del Mundo - Filipino Doctor

Doctor Fe Del Mundo is credited with studies leading to the invention of an improved incubator and a jaundice relieving device.

Anacleto Del Rosario - Filipino Chemist

Filipino chemist Anacleto Del Rosario won the first prize at the World Fair in Paris in 1881

Ernesto Del Rosario - Filipino Chemist

Filipino chemist Ernesto Del Rosario is best known for his achievements in biotechnology and applied physical chemistry.

Roberto Del Rosario - Filipino Inventor

Roberto Del Rosario is the inventor of the Karaoke Sing Along System.

Daniel Dingel - Filipino Inventor

Daniel Dingel claims to have invented a water-powered car.

Pedro Escuro

Filipino scientist, Pedro Escuro is best known for his isolation of nine rice varieties.

Agapito Flores - Filipino Scientist

Agapito Flores has been acclaimed by some as being the inventor of the first fluorescent lamp - is this true?

Pedro Flores

Pedro Flores was the first person to manufactured the yo-yo in the United States.

Francisco Fronda

Francisco Fronda is know as the Father of poultry science in the Philippines.

Carmen Intengan

Food and nutrition researcher Carmen Intengan was a pioneer that helped improve the Filipino diet.

Amando Kapauan - Filipino Chemist

Amando Kapauan was a Filipino chemist who specialized in environmental chemistry.

Hilario Lara

Hilario Lara helped establish the National Research Council of the Philippines.

Felix Maramba

Felix Maramba built a coconut oil-fueled power generator.

Luz Oliveros Belardo - Filipino Chemist

Filipino chemist, Luz Oliveros Belardo researched the phytochemical properties of plants in the Philippines for natural products

Maria Orosa - Filipino Inventor

Pioneering food inventor Maria Orosa - aka Maria Y Orosa - invented Calamansi Nip and Soyalac.

William Padolina

William Padolina has served as the Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology for the Philippines.

Eduardo Quisumbing

Eduardo Quisumbing was a noted expert in the medicinal plants of the Philippines.

Francisco Quisumbing

Filipino chemist Francisco Quisumbing invented Quink ink.

Dolores Ramirez

Dolores Ramirez promoted the development of genetics in the Philippines.

Jose Rodriguez

Jose Rodriguez is a noted Filipino scientist and researcher who has invented methods of controlling leprosy.

Eduardo San Juan

Eduardo San Juan worked on the team that invented the Lunar Rover or Moon Buggy.

Alfredo Santos

Filipino chemist Alfredo Santos is a noted researcher in the chemistry of natural products.

Francisco Santos - Filipino Chemist

Filipino Chemist Francisco Santos studied the nutritional problems associated with the Filipino diet.

Gregorio Velasque

Filipino scientist, Gregorio Velasque made intensive studies of bluegreen algae.

Carmen Velasquez - Filipino Biologist

Carmen Velasquez was a noted Filipino biologist.

Gregorio Zara - Famous Filipino Scientist

Gregorio Zara - famous Filipino scientist Gregorio Y Zara

Prescillano Zamora

Prescillano Zamora is best known for his research in plant anatomy-morphology including the taxonomy of Philippine ferns and the discovery of more fern species.